How to choose a cage for domestic birds?

The bird lived for a time in the cage, is accustomed to people and ceases to be shy. It ceases to look for food, getting it ready, and most importantly, loses the ability to be alert. Issued from the cells of birds often become victims of predators, fall under the wheels of cars and simply die of hunger. Therefore, a man who has decided to take the bird to his home, must remember that it takes the whole "bird" life.

Cell shape and size depend on to what bird they are and for what purpose you intend to keep it. Males songbirds kept separately in small cell, which makes it possible to fully enjoy their singing.
Canary or goldfinches and other songbirds small size of the cells contain a length of 50 cm, height 35 cm and a width of 30 cm with a starling-sized bird cage needed a little more - the length of the cell must be at least 70 cm, height - 60, width - 40 cm . cage for a parrot, for example, Grays, or Amazon, even more - the length and height of 80 cm, width 55 cm

Avoid small birds placed in a large cage. In such a cage bird feels uncomfortable, little singing, itself reduces the size of his home, holding only a small part of it. You can not put the birds in too small for these cells, in which the birds or sit motionless on a perch, so that get fatter and die quickly, or because of the narrowness break their feathers on the tail and wings.
The form of the cells is also important. The most practical rectangular cells, with no protrusions, often with flat top, with the exception of cells for Klestov, which is recommended to put in a cage with a domed top. Architectural excess cells not only make it difficult to clean, but also contribute to the reproduction of blood-sucking arthropods.

It is also a place for the cell. Most importantly - enough sunlight and lack of drafts. Is a suitable place at the side or opposite the window wall of the room to the sun's rays shining on her 2-3 hours a day. Do not install a cage on the window sill to avoid overheating and cold bird!

Cells of larger sizes - cages used for group content of small birds. The optimum size of cages - 80 cm by 35 cm by 35 cm are kept young birds that require a lot of movement to strengthen the muscles. In the cages can be propagated small songbirds and small parrots, putting them back in pairs.

To produce cells use different materials - wood, plastic, metal, organic and silicate glass. Twigs cells made of stainless or galvanized wire, or bamboo. For birds, splitting the wooden parts of the cells with their powerful beaks - parrots, crossbill and others, better to use metal cage. There are cells of the so-called box-type, in which only one side covered with netting or twigs, and others - solid, made of Plexiglas or opaque materials. Box feeders cells, set on one another, form a bird's wardrobe, they are suitable for breeding birds, as well as in teaching young canaries in the shade of the curtains open. In cells with a soft-top contain larks and some other insectivorous birds, which are in strong fear tend to take off vertically and in an ordinary cell can get hurt badly.

The bottom of the cage, pallet, must be rising. He poured out on the big river sand, washed from the dust and debris, and calcined in the fire or in the oven. Pallet better make of galvanized iron.

In each cell must be placed perches, whose diameter should be almost equal to the coverage fingers feet. Perches need to have at such a distance from each other, so that birds can easily jump from one to another, barely flapping their wings, and that while on a perch, not contaminated by their faeces food and water, as well as the tail of each other. The number of perches depends on destination cell. For land birds, such as a lark, perches are not necessary, you can replace them with hemp or bumps.

Finally, let me say goodbye to the next part. To be continued! Good luck to you, dear, Dear Readers!

Dmitry Kolpakov
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

How the animals were in the dock?

As we know, many people advocate the protection of animals.

French actress Brigitte Bardot intervened for the Australian kangaroo, whose meat is sold as dog food, and for harp seals, which are slaughtered because of the durable fur.

She appealed to the government of different countries to ban the export of elephant tusks and ivory, because African elephants on the verge of extinction.

Brigitte Bardot is fighting against the extermination of animals in laboratories for research purposes. To successfully influence public opinion, she sold her dresses and jewels, and set up some money to fund the rescue of animals.

For some poets, artists, musicians, animals were muse. Italian poet, Nobel laureate in 1975 in literature Eugenio Montale titled his collection of poems "Pantsir cuttlefish. In his poetry of nature - this background and character. He admires the singing of the hoopoe and its beauty.

Deer, mountain goats, rabbits, cheetahs, sharks, crabs, corals, sea ruffs, eels and cod served as models of the XVI century Italian painter Arcimboldo. He depicted the human head, made up of dozens of animals, linked together.

Many saints have been friends with the animals. Seraphim of Sarov fed with his hands an enormous bear. St. Francis of Assisi not only listened to the singing nightingales, and talked with wolves and flowers, with stars and crickets.

For many people, farm animals - are symbols. Lion - the king of beasts, the horse - the holy son of the god Poseidon, the ruler of the seas. Indians in America worshiped bison and coyotes. For the Greeks the butterfly was the way the human soul.

Do you know that in the past, many animals were arrested and tried in the present? In 1386 in France to the death penalty for murder was sentenced pig.

There was a medieval custom to throw off the bell cats. It was felt that way exorcise, which moved into these gentle animals.

Even worse: once the swallows prosecuted for violation of silence in the church, a rooster - a fact that the egg hatched, and the family of mice - for the destruction of the crop of barley. However, in rodents was a good lawyer. He won the case, arguing that their action was caused by the vital necessity - hunger.

In 1985, one of the towns in the province of Abruzzo, which is located in Italy, a judge ordered the detention of a starling.

Bird was accused of violating the afternoon rest people. After several days' imprisonment he was released, but with the condition to leave the lane, where it caused a lot of noise.

I wonder why none of the offenders spat llama or camel has not filed a claim for recovery from these animals for moral damage?

Literature: André Bertino and Fred Val, "366 ... and even more stories about animals."

Olga Cereals
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

Ah, this wedding! What give tapered ... birds?

Spring-red disperse in anticipation of emergency meetings with the hot summer! From the heat all around already awakened, animated, clinging to each other. What chirp birds, how gladly share? An - they also married in the spring.
What a surprise to us may seem like rituals and ceremonies taken in the bird kingdom ...

For example, hand wedding offerings. Ah We terns, in particular, it is believed that the groom gave his coveted fish. Biologists differently describe this process. MN Sotskaya wrote that she eats it immediately. But R. Chauvin said that, on the contrary, in no case:

"Many ornithologists believe that is happening rite of mutual recognition of spouses: indeed, before they bring to the fish, the male looks to many females" in the face. Sometimes, some full of virtue females return gift, but the male is long and sad in a hurry to give the fish another. Sometimes the male and female fish are kept for two ends, but do not eat it ... "

Here it is: a fish in two beaks!

But the said Maria Sotskaya draws attention to the fact that the ladies-tern had a clear preference to woo the bridegroom, who handed them to "fish a fixed size: not too little, but not too large."

But there is such a tradition, which includes asking for a gift for Mr Right. What kind of pettiness? No, just a woman's cunning, which (after Noble and Wurm) Richard Docking in the book "The Selfish Gene," explains:

"... female advantage is also that in the process raised a male courting her food. In birds, it is usually regarded as a kind of a return to the juvenile behavior on the part of females. Begging for food in the male, she accompanies this movement, typical for young birds. It was assumed that such behavior automatically attract a male, just as the man appears to be attractive when a woman babbles or pouts like a child. It was during this period, female birds need as much extra food, as it accumulates reserves of nutrients for the creation of a huge egg. It is possible that the food podnosimaya her male, is his direct contribution to the eggs. Thus, somewhat reduced the difference between the initial contribution to the chicks from one and the other parents. "

really all a matter of pragmatics?

To test this, a rigorous researcher (Mason) had a pretty hard, in my feminine look, experiment with landrails, putting that in a marriage between a stuffed female. Poor fellow, taking a bird "Galatea" for the real bride, intent on every-other-third become her de facto husband. Having suffered a fiasco in trying to realize the intimate relationship with unfeeling "pair", the groom flew ... but soon returned with a caterpillar in its beak, which is presented as a gift to this "shy". Experimenter's fate did not interest him, so that we can only believe that the unfortunate birds not lost faith in their manhood.

Wedding gift from the birds, nicknamed grebes

However, it happens differently. In the bird community found practical gentlemen who bring a wedding gift narrowing, but do not pay until she agrees to fulfill masculine desire. What, eh?

But not all the wedding gifts from birds associated with the gastronomic direction. Some are obviously symbolic. For example, the offering stone. At the white-footed Booby taken to the male brought in its beak a little stone and put it at the feet of the chosen one (and she takes it in his beak, and shift to another place, and then it again - at her feet: do you ... and then the ritual lasts until the establish full agreement on which could take up to an hour and two).

And the toadstools, like the other footed boobies, which are called the north, with the courtship brings each other scraps of seaweed (just like the Dolphins, who also have a canon!), The herons are - stick, but the American waxwings ... woos with berries. He will give, she will take, then return it to her again ... And, as in the famous gypsy: "Ah, once again, many, many times ..."

Wedding offerings - not just gifts. Even the birds know it. And you of the ceremony did not resemble?

Valentina Ponomareva
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

Do I need to keep in the house more than one cat?

You know the situation where half-starved kitten begging in the house? And you let ... And again. Then he picked up, then you "tossed", and then ... Friends, neighbors, strangers everywhere already tell that you have a good heart. For the first foundlings followed thrown out, which have become obsolete, uneven adolescent kittens which have not been on time owner, and as long as you do not say "no", you have collected an army of cats.

Here's another situation. You have a pretty ordinary cat, but you wanted to have a pedigree. First you decide on one. Then another one, and you covered fever breeding cats. Buying a cat, and the temptation to raise the offspring of the elite, and you can not part with the beautiful young stock until then, until it becomes so much that you frantically start looking for new owners.

So, the question "How many cats in the house - not too much?", As a rule, impossible to give a clear, unequivocal answer. But there are points of departure, found "cats owners" and fanatical fans, with someone, often, alas, bitter experience should meet. Experienced veterinarians agree to these terms.

Do not take the cats more than you have hands to caress them. For cats, this procedure is very important. In England, where very kind to these animals, there is even a saying: "If a cat is not iron, it will dry the marrow. Of course, the British did not give the literal meaning of this proverb, but it speaks eloquently of the need for petting a cat.

Each of your comrades in housing may form around itself a zone of "taboo" - a mini-site, which will bypass the other cats.

For the normal physical and mental development of each cat requires no less than five square meters of "homeownership."

Under no circumstances do not allow ourselves to persuade to open an "animal shelter" if this does not allow your wallet.

If you intend to share life with not one, but with a couple or a "quartet" cats, it is better to take them all at once.

Sisters and brothers of one litter, who grew up together, as a rule, get along with each other throughout their lives.

Prove that neutered cats are more tolerant of the "brand new", but in relation to the kittens, they often assume the role of "mother" and acquaint young people with a home schedule. Well they are friends with a cat-ladies.

In contrast, cats jealously defend their right of primacy and graciously accept only the young animal, which subsequently will always play "second fiddle".

In order to teach each other the two whimsical opinionated females, requires experience and a subtle flair. And even if it succeeds, it may happen that for one of the two you have to find new owners. Because, if after three weeks of home world still is not adjusted, there is the threat of a long war, causing stress not only cats.

The same can be said about cats. If the month feud to an end, to try to separate the two bullies.

Hygiene of housing could not speak. It goes without saying. Each animal must have its own bathroom (a box, tray, and so on). In someone else's "pot" no representative of those self-centered animals will not go. And you'll toil with broken furniture and flooring.

Ideally, cats, especially long-haired, need daily brushing. Change the litter as pollution wool. So, you know, if you are unable to meet the listed essential requirements for cats, think: "And if you need general starts a pet?".

Tatiana Shuvaeva
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

What to do if you suddenly lost a friend?

Do not sigh in disappointment, but it goes not about people but about domestic animals. As they say in medicine: prevention is better than cure it. It is quite appropriate this wisdom. Therefore, for a walk better show dogs with leash and collar, is attached to the plate with the nickname of an animal, your address and phone number.

Cats to walk, too, will not prevent hoist on his neck just such a medallion, of course, if you really care about the welfare of your pet. In my experience, that it is not easy (especially if the cat is not accustomed from childhood to the collar). But after some time it will cease to be angry at you. Yes, and you can praise himself for caution when delivered to the address of your entangled revelers.

So, we go further. Do not tie a dog in offices, shops and other places that you need to visit. Try not to combine walking the dog, and business interests. But if not do without it, try not to let the dog out of sight.

Do not flatter yourself, believing that your dog - fierce guard. For the experienced hunter (if I se the kindergarten your dog) to divert even a vigilant dog - matter of a few minutes. In addition, many pets, especially in large cities, distrust of outsiders are not different.

But if precautions have not helped, and the animal is lost? Logically without losing a minute to begin the search, give a notice in newspapers, since it is permissible - stuck them in place of the alleged loss, seek to support the station caught animals. If you have a solid reason to believe the theft happened, please a written application to the nearest police station, demanding that a criminal proceeding.

In the language of our law, no matter how blasphemous it sounds, the dog (and cat, of course!) Is a private property owner. And the Act declares the protection of the state personal property of citizens. For theft, "that is the secret theft of another's property, the perpetrators are liable under Article 158 of the Criminal Code.

There have been cases where dogs were kidnapped, snatching from the hands of young and elderly owners leashes. And it is - robbery (Article 161 of the Criminal Code), or robbery (Article 162), when the abduction is connected with violence, dangerous to the health and lives of victims. Penalty on these items is deprivation of liberty.

Thus, the theft was not just strangers find lost animals and require you to pay? Then comes into force the Civil Code of Russia, under which the finder is not entitled to claim compensation from the owner, "if the finder of the animal is not announced his discovery, or tried to conceal it." In this case, it will only reimbursement for the maintenance of a pet and the search for its owner, if they were difficult (Article 232 Civil Code).

How much in monetary terms? Please: "A person detained neglected animals, is entitled to a reward of up to twenty percent of the value of the animal. If you found the animal is of value only to the former owner, the amount of remuneration determined by agreement of the parties." The cost of the animal can be determined based on the size of the market price, it rocks.

It also happens that you have found a missing friend, but he lives with other people. Do you have the right to take him back? The Civil Code says that if you have found no attempt to find you (and it must be recorded by the police or the mayor's office statement of the detention neglected animals) and that had not yet been six months since the discovery of your friend (the starting point - the time of filing of the same statement ), then you may pick up your dog (or cat).

So it turns out that six months after receipt of the police or the municipality a statement about the discovery of an animal, it will become the property of others, and you will be very difficult to take him back. True, you can try to prove in court that your friend still loves you or the new owners are not good enough.

In legal terms it sounds like: "the previous owner has the right under the circumstances, evidence of the preservation in it by ... (the animal) ... affection or ill or mistreatment of his new owner, to demand their return to the conditions determined by agreement with the new owner, and if it is impossible to reach an agreement - the court. "

And what happened? This song is good, start again. Returned to where to start. The conclusion seems perfectly logical: not to part with loved ones!

Tatiana Shuvaeva
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

How to care for your dog?

"Beauty will save the world. We all know this is a great saying. Beauty will save you and our dogs from ill-will, and sometimes anger others, will help win favorable to them.

And how often at exhibitions and freeze, we delight: Here is a posture, gait, exterior, and shiny coat, and commands!

But we should not forget that beautiful dog - this is, above all, a healthy dog. And this dog needs daily care, attention, proper feeding, veterinary surgeon systematic consultation.

But what kind of dog can be considered beautiful? This question is not easy, and unambiguous answer to this question is no.Hounds, greyhounds, nark should be thin, lean body, as St. Bernard or newfoundler should look heavy and unwieldy. Beauty mastiff, boxer - in a short shiny coat, and the terrier must have a tight curly hair, wearing a beard and mustache. In short, the concept of beauty in general, and the dog in particular, is very difficult to admit a lot of interpretations, and relies solely on general and individual tastes. And for them, as you know, do not argue!

Wool

Wool in dogs varies, in different ways and have to take care of her. Probably the least hassle from the owners haired dogs.

Boxers, Great Danes, Dobermans, Rottweilers, and mongrels with short hair enough times in three days of brushing, not soft and not rigid, like a wardrobe. However, if the hair is very dirty, you can take and a hard brush, but its use must be carefully so as not to scratch the skin of the dog. Even if the dog seems to you very clean, not too lazy to take 10-15 minutes in the hands of a brush. This procedure is useful not only for wool, it provides an opportunity to massage the skin, increase blood flow to it.

By the way, now almost all have vacuum cleaners, and cleaning the apartment a good idea at the same time a little vacuumed the dog. However, her first reaction to such cleaning is not always positive, but this is only the beginning. Then, as a rule, the dog gets used to this procedure and even asked to be cleaned this way!

More trouble for owners of dogs with hair of medium length and long-haired: shepherds, huskies, collies, setters. Here, in addition to vacuuming, you need a thick ridge. Generally, the more you comb the hair, the better, but in the molting period is a must do every day. Incidentally, some amateur breeders do not emit a soft, combed wool, and gathered it, spun and then knitted warm mittens, hats, socks, sweaters. They say that things are out of this wool help with radiculitis and are the warmest.

Washing

Do I need to wash your dog? It is necessary, only very rarely. They washed the dog with warm water and soap or a neutral shampoo.

In winter, dogs love to roll about in the snow, and themselves this good clean their skin. And those dogs who do not like the snow bath, you can while walking to wipe clean the snow. Summer dog usually does not miss a chance to splash in a pond or river, he does well enough.

The sad fate of some light-fluffy dogs, especially lapdogs. The owners have even wash their pets almost every day, so even with soap and water. Hair from the immoderate bathing lose fat cover, become fragile and brittle. After washing the dog should be groomed.

Nose .

Over the nose of healthy dog care is not necessary. I awake dog, he is cold and slightly humid, and during sleep - a little warm. Some breeders believe that the tip of the nose can determine the temperature of the diseased animal. But better not to overestimate its sensitivity, put dog ordinary thermometer. If the temperature of the dogs are not above 39 degrees, do not worry.

Let your pets be healthy!

Dmitry Kolpakov
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

Stray dogs: shoot or sterilized?

Figures do not lie. Calculate how many people you bark furiously, and how many dogs!
"Pshekruy" - Polish magazine.


The problem of stray animals acute in many cities of Russia. Hundreds of reports of attacks and the loci for the year, and their number is growing. The problem is exacerbated, but authorities do not solve it. Sterilization program has not brought the expected results. So where mutts are taken and who is actually bites people?

In the cities a growing number of abandoned animals. Home emit not only cats but dogs of various breeds (including "of fighting"). Coordinator of the Moscow city search service animals Svetlana Badunova confirms that the basis of a lot of purebred dogs and cats. In Moscow alone on the streets of the city inhabited by about 30 thousands of stray animals.

"To say that the bites are responsible for all the homeless, which like" all the dogs to hang, it would not be true. According to our estimation - about 2%, - said Konstantin Sabinin, project manager of the Center for Animal Rights Protection "Vita".
"... 78% have grabbed at home, owners' dogs. The leaders of the attacks American Staffordshire terrier, pit bull, Rottweilers, bull terriers "- says Nemsadze Vakhtang Pankratevich, chief pediatric surgeon in Moscow.

Aggressive dog breeds - a separate and serious issue. The man brought them up himself for the amusement: for fighting and harassment. Now the acquisition of such an animal - a tribute to fashion. However, these "gladiators" are not to blame, that they made a formidable fighter with a strong jaw and a stranglehold. They are just victims of human experimentation. Consequently, the responsibility for the conduct and consequences of the actions of these serious dog lies on the person on the host.

As mongrels, then the first stray dog appeared, when it threw the man on the street. Children of those most, once exposed to the door pets - now mixed collie, mixed taxes and other "MUTANTS", running through the streets of cities. Uncontrolled breeding of animals is a major factor in the emergence of "nobility." Factory shaft spawn a huge number of animals. Offer exceeds demand. Notorious prestige of doing his job, leaving the last chance of the usual "no breed" find the dog house. "The Forgotten" in the country, "dropped out" of the machines and just lost animals also joined the army of street quadrupeds.

Very often people provoked the aggression of animals - will kick one leg, the child is hit with a stick, taking the example of the mother, the other will strangle puppies. This and every home like a dog. It affects a large number of irresponsible owners of animals.
"Since the majority of owners in Russia produced their dogs for a walk without a muzzle, leash and, at times, generally without their support. Determine ownership of such a dog is difficult. Boss, walking near distance, fearing tragedy committed by his dog, without revealing his connection with it, hiding from the crime scene ", - says Konstantin Sabinin from the Center" Vita ".

The situation is tense in the society to the limit. People are ready to take up arms. The authorities have already announced nearly insolvency sterilization program. But officials do not want to really understand where they are going budget money. As explained by Ilya Bluvshtein, assistant deputy IY Nowicki: "... there is an imitation, registration. Sterilized one dog, and write that sterilized, five or seven. "

According to biologists and veterinarians that the program has earned for real, one-time fee to sterilize more than 80% of stray animals. ZooDefenders sure that the state should take control of breeding dogs and cats. Before long, day and night working factory machine (nurseries, Flats, markets), this whole factory shaft, which supplies more and more new animals - any action will have the character of Sisyphean labor.

"We need only examine the experience of Western countries, where the problem of stray animals has been solved in two steps. We must understand the root cause of the problem, because the fight with the investigation completely ineffective. The first step - the state should take control of breeding animals. The second step - to promote pristroystvo animals from shelters ", - says Irina Novozhilov, president of the Center" Vita ".

While officials will postpone the problem, former knackery inefficient practices continue to capture animals cruel methods (in the eyes of the children by arranging massacre) and receive budget money from the pockets bitten by the Russians. "Bad is not politics, terrible performance! For decades in this country practiced method of killing, which yielded no results. This method is inefficient, not to mention the fact that this blatant cruelty "- says Ilya Bluvshtein.

Maria Moscow
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

How to train a dog to perform basic commands?

Greetings all, dear readers!

Specify at once that for dog breeders with experience of my articles may seem naive, containing well-known truth. But remember the time when you first started a small four-legged friend. How many questions that seem laughable now, and clear, stood in front of you! One of these problems - the basis of education, training of dogs. The best option, of course, seek the assistance of professional dog handlers, inscribed with the dog on the course or take private lessons. However, this will require funds, and, often, considerable. And perhaps will need transportation to "disciple" in "dog" school, did not always such a school nearby, and not every dog can go by bus or subway.

So, I want to share experiences with those who personally wants to teach your pet basic dog obedience, science, in other words, learn the basics, some of the most important commands of the general rate of training. Let's start with the principal - when to start? Opinions on this vary. Even the proposed classes do not injure the dog's psyche to a year. But here is how to convince a year old, who grew up without any bans, shaggy "Mitrofanushka" that the time has come to learn and obey? The best way to start the lessons, when the dog turns 5-6 months. Prior to that education must be indirect, incidental. For example, the command "Sit" - one of the first, fully assimilated and has run for three months. However, if the consolidation did not happen - do not worry. Begin lessons - come and knowledge.

For studies will be required : collar, leash, treat (small pieces of cheese, cooked sausage, meat, crackers) and a playground. This should be a place where no one can stop you, and you, in turn, do not bother anyone, and no danger will not threaten the dog. For example, can not hold classes next to the roadway, if the territory is, of course, is not fenced. 3-4 hours before training the dog must feed. Foster, that is to praise and give a treat, it should be every time the correct command. Voice commands to send a clear, loud, but not without a cry. Duplicated gestures. Subsequently, the team must be carried out either by voice command, or by gesture.

Team "to me!» . Right hand pulling at shoulder level and sharply down to the thigh. The dog must run up and sit on the left leg trainer, not more than 50 cm from it. If the dog just does not want to approach, you can make a couple of steps towards him. At the beginning of working out of this team is particularly important privacy. And what was it then, "To me!", When all run and play. Immediately after the correct execution pat a dog, say "Well, to me!". Give a treat. Just do not take immediately at the leash and not withdraw from the walk. Otherwise, "To me!" Will be associated with unpleasant, and implemented accordingly. Several times call simply to praise and give a treat and release again to play and run. Ideal - a dog on the first team (verbal or gestural), valid, and passes behind the trainer and sits at the left leg.

Team "Walk!» . She is accompanied by a gesture: the right arm freely thrown forward. Off leash, hold the dog's collar with his left hand. Give voice commands and gesture, and release the dog. Let runs. Periodically beckon students, take the collar, hold a little bit and repeat the command. In principle, one of the most beloved teams, performed "on the cheers.

command "Sit!» . Gesture - bent at the elbow with the hand palm forward. Gave the command, slightly left hand presses down on the large dog, as if forcing her to sit down. Right hand over the leash holding up. Sit - "Good boy, sit, good!"- Give a delicacy. Typically, this lesson is absorbed very quickly and easily. Gradually the team are giving everything from a greater distance. A perfect result - the dog sits on a split (voice or gesture) team, while at a distance of 10-15 meters from you.

Team "Freeze» . Gesture - stretched forward right hand, palm turned upwards and is held at shoulder level. We help the dog understand what is required of her, the first time support under the belly. Then he begins to perform independently.

command "Lie down!» . Gesture - the right arm thrown forward from the shoulder, and lowered his hand down. After submitting the team push with one hand on the withers of the dog, as if pressing it to the ground, and the other holding a delicacy, under the nose of the trainee, but low. Reaching for the "sweets", the dog lie. You can sit in front of a dog, and slightly pull her front paws. The command "Lie down!" Dog should not to fall sideways. With a good performance - encouraging: "Well, lie. Well, and delicacy, of course. Ideal - dog falls by the team at a distance of 10-15 meters from the trainer.

Team "Next» . Gesture - cotton with his left hand on the hip. The dog should go to a trainer with the pace, so that her shoulder touched his left leg man. Before practicing this command give the dog how to frolic, to spend the extra energy. When walking next to him on a leash all attempts to go faster, slower, deviations in the direction and the like must be dealt a sharp "Next" and follow jerk leash. Praise good reaching near the dog, treat it, without stopping traffic. When the dog will walk calmly next to him on a leash at a distance of no less than 50 meters - removes the leash. And - all over again, only this time without a leash.

Team "Voice» . The easiest way to master it. See this, what dog likes a hollow - a toy on a sound ... Team. Then let's stimulus, and, having obtained the result, immediately forget to remove the object and begin to praise: "Good voice, good!" Gradually, "the student" understand - need to bark on command, but not because it revealed something that at its look, worthy barks.

And, finally, team "Whew!» is a very important team. The word puppy hears from infancy. Well, if the appropriate skills entrenched itself. If not - when you try to chase after the cat, picked up a nasty, stretch to find out relations with compatriots - to be followed by a loud sharp "Whew!" Jerk the leash, and possibly blow whip (no leash, with the dog should not have any unpleasant associations ). Let this painful sensation - but implicit, instantaneous execution of commands "Whew!" Save four-legged friend from so many troubles and misfortunes. But do not overdo it, the whole world can not be "Phew!".

Anna Lukasheva
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

Talking parrot. What is needed?

First, of course, itself a bird. Select a parrot depends on many factors. First, with your wishes. In addition, the financial capabilities and the time limit, which you will be able to pay his living buying.

Ordinary wavy (of course, male) will be able to talk and learn to 100-150 words. You, of course, will have to make some effort to his training, but they are entirely justified, when you first hear a comprehensible speech pet. It is relatively easy and enjoyable choice. Budgerigar at home unpretentious, very widespread. The cost of such a bird will make a relatively minor amount. Much more will need time, effort and your trembling love, care and attention in order to warm the tiny miracle that is affectionate and friendly, said in his first brief phrase.

Larger Corell will speak intelligibly than the budgie, and the vocabulary he has considerably wider. If him seriously enough to engage in (spending almost as much power, how much and at its corrugated counterpart) is clearly possible to ensure that the bird will master the vocabulary of 200-250 words. Of course, the option is more costly in material terms. But at the same time, more acceptable to those who had once sit hours on end, talking to a small flier and convincing him of the obvious truth: "Kesha good".

And, finally, the third most common types of parrots, usually falling in the list of favorites of the population, Grays . The size of a pigeon, noisy, loud, restless and very respectful of the disorder. Alas, this breed is different cleanliness. So be ready for that garbage out of the cell will dissipate within a few meters or steal the home. These are its characteristics. And more ... Go is particularly noteworthy that Grays - the most expensive of all the above. When buying a parrot, you get both great joy and an equally huge headache. Jaco clever, easily teachable, long-lived. Understand and remember from 300 to 500 words. Record wealth of vocabulary for the Grays were recorded in the middle of XX century. It was 800 words.

In any case, the room would not stop your mind: budgerigars, Carell, Grays, or some more exotic varieties - you have taken the first step towards gaining a new friend, a little unusual and not always responsible "in the subject, but very sincere and fun.

So, if you have decided on the breed, then you can proceed to the next step - the acquisition and learning. Ideal for the beginning of training and, consequently, for the purchase is a 3-month age of the chicks. This is the period when he was completely rested and no longer needs care of loving relatives.

The first case, after you become the happy owner of a living miracle, of course - to give him a decent name . Here, as elsewhere, there are subtleties. The most common nicknames, which honors pets caring owners, can be divided into three categories. It is, of course, only those names that would be acceptable, if you want your bird began to speak.

1. Short, distinctly. With pronounced hissing. For example, Kesha, Gosh, Pasha. These nicknames are appropriate. They are well remembered and easily pronounced.

2. Short, clear. With a booming sound "p". According to many (well-founded, by the way), it is the best option names. For example, Garik, Patrick, Lavrik. Parrots with great passion and enthusiasm pick up all the "roaring".

3. The names of the combined and original. In the two previous categories listed traditional nickname. However, often the owners of parrots themselves invent names or use less common. For example, Kerry, Henry, etc. Until the most unusual and bizarre. But it's worth noting that it should be tailored to specific name, calculated on the bird. Of course, it is undesirable to call a parrot Quetzalcoatl or something of the sort.

In general, for the selection of the name above all to observe a few basic criteria: brevity, clarity, accessibility, easy pronunciation.

Education parrot human speech , in fact, the same process as the child's education. Therefore there needs a certain system.

First, we should not pick and blab about it, you want to teach a bird, a chaotic, haphazard. Set Limit of a certain set of five or six offers and vary them, saying in a different sequence. The selected proposals should be small, meaningful and well-spoken. It is strongly recommended that you (at least up until the parrot had not learned his first lesson) to avoid complex terms and long words.

Secondly, talking to a parrot and repeating his "control" it, try not to abuse the frequent change of intonation, with whom you spoke them. Insist on a rhythm and tone of speech, remember this combination and use every time you start to deal with a bird. Parrot - primarily mockingbird, an imitator. He remembers not only the words but the manner of their blab. Therefore, frequent and rapid change in intonation series can knock him.

Thirdly, all the birds of the family of parrots are susceptible to the sounds of the environment. Great parody them and invent new combinations. Including your pet in the world of sounds from the outside, of course, would benefit. However, this should not be too carried away. If you want to achieve from it is birds of speech, to communicate more with him and not let him "tweet about his" with sparrows on the street.

This also should be attributed, and a widespread belief that the parrot is useful to listen to television or radio. They say it will draw out for himself a new word base. Indeed, can gain. But not immediately. At the initial stage of training for such a method is better not to apply. And if there is no alternative, then use it as sparingly as possible.

And one more advice for last. Parrot, of course, not a dog ... And not even a cat. But do not be harmful, if the first time he would only deal with one person or a small group of people. Subsequently, from such severity and restrictions can and should be safely abandoned.

In short, being persistent, attentive, caring and patient, without requiring your pet too much at once, but not allowing to relax, you will very soon will achieve results and be able to proudly demonstrate to all the familiar smart, intelligent, kind, and hand - not enough - talking parrot!

Svetlana Medvedev
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

Is it true that the three-color CATS does not exists?

Nature never ceases to amaze mankind its riddles. Why caterpillar "trying on" a cocoon, a chameleon changes color, and the bees build their "state"? It seems to be these phenomena have long been studied and scientifically explained, but not everyone knows the reasons behind them.

Genetics, in the opinion of many, and there is a dark forest, impenetrable jungle of science. We all learned a little, that there are genes that are added to some amazing sequences form a unique and almost predictable combinations, just as different types of beads can produce original and delightfully different decorations. It turns out that a common mechanism of inheritance to us about the sign, but more narrow aspects of it, subtlety and cunning little known. For example, you probably have heard that three-colored cats in nature does not exist. What lies at the basis of this fact? How to explain such oddities Mrs. Genetics?

"Before contrive discussion, agree on terms", - said YM Lotman. So let's just note that a household name "tricolor cat" shall mean the cat (but not the cat), tortoiseshell color, ie color, which combines black and red (red), or black, red and white.

It is widely known statement of non-existent tortoise cats only half true. For such individuals still born, though very rarely. Most of them are sterile, that is deprived of the possibility of procreation.

The fact that genes are the basic colors of cats - black and red, are located in the same locus (fixed location of the gene within the chromosome) on the X chromosome, which have both sexes. The cat, having a set of XX can be red, black or tortoise-shell (ie, having a red and black). Cote same, the owner of HU, may have either a black or red color. Schematically it looks like this:

XX - female (two X chromosomes, the possible combinations: red, black, tortoiseshell);
XY - male (one X chromosome, the possible combinations: red, black).

Assume that the red color gene is denoted by Latin letter O, and the gene black - B, and depicted one of the options inheritance tortoiseshell color:

Black Cat (XB XB) + red male (XO Y) = 50% tortoise cats (XB XO), 50% of black cats (XB Y).

It turned out that the kittens are male "have" color of the mother. The same situation is observed in the case of the offspring from a pair of "red cat and a black cat": perhaps the birth tortoise cats and red seals. Here arises a tricky conclusion: genes, localized on the X chromosome and have no opportunity to "consolidate" in the Y-chromosome, passed from mother to son.

Chinese folk wisdom says: if one day you do not learn anything new, you lived through the day in vain. I hope your "today" you will not have wasted?

Anna Cat
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

How to behave when meeting with a snake?

On the territory of the CIS live about 55 species of snakes. Dangerous to humans are only a viper, virtually all of their varieties, as well as EFA, cottonmouth, viper and cobra. Snakes, Coronella and snakes are not poisonous glands and therefore they are totally harmless.

Myths . It is only in Hollywood giant anaconda falsely persecuted indiscriminately all Americans. Snake never attack FIRST! This is a very peaceful and beautiful inhabitants of our planet. «Lightning throws» (cobra, for example). Remember Kipling. There mongoose quite successfully resisted the snake. By the way, our ferrets - too nimble "guys", and also not averse to hunt for snakes. And "rapid shot" a viper is not more than typically a quarter of its length that is equal to only 15-25 centimeters.

conflict between the snake and man , as a rule, there is the fault of man. Snake bite only in self-defense, if it stepped on or caught unawares. To this did not happen, you need to follow some very simple rules. If you see a snake, do not try to catch her, harass or kill (for what? "Only for what you are afraid of it?), And she quietly hiding. Try not to move silently - heard your steps, the snake go away, but you will not even know that she was nearby.

Who is more at risk of being bitten . Most of such "risk" are the people in the field and in the marshes, because arable and moss-covered ground near marshes muffle footsteps. Snake simply can not hear you. Collectors berries also have a certain percentage of risk because, unlike the mushroom pickers, moving slowly and quietly. There are cases when a serpent crept to the tourists in a tent or sleeping bag to warm up. If you were in this situation, you do not make sudden movements, you have a chance from close range to admire the reptile. A short time later the snake itself go away without causing you absolutely no harm.

If the collision could not be avoided , but it happens. For example, like a viper in sunny weather to bask in the old tree stumps. At this point they are vigilant - you can accidentally frighten her, and then the bite is almost guaranteed. No need to panic: the time and means you have plenty. First, try to understand who you are bitten, because it may be innocuous individual. Poisonous and non-poisonous snakes differ in that poisonous pupil of the eye is vertical and has an elongated shape. We snake on the head two yellow spots.

Symptoms snakebite . The appearance of redness in the area of the bite wound around the large tumor appeared sharply deteriorating health, headache, body temperature rises sharply. In most cases there is vomiting.

What? Most have to bite the extremities, usually the legs, so suck the poison from the wound to reduce intoxication, you can hardly. Moreover, this method is only effective if you use it for one or two seconds after the bite, but the resulting shock and stupor or panic, you take away these precious scraps of time. In such a situation are best tourniquet. Bitten limb should lie motionless, and besides, the victim should be lying down, quiet position, so that the blood circulating in the body as slowly as possible. Also useful to drink a diuretic, tea or tincture, so that part of the poison out of the body naturally. If no diuretic, just drink plenty of water.

Liquor . Not only is not recommended and is strictly forbidden in this situation, because any alcohol dilates vessels, and the poison will be absorbed into the body much more intense.

Generally speaking, if we talk about the viper, they bite, under these simple rules, is not dangerous to human life. In any case, you must contact the medical institution, that you have a shot antitoxic serum.

Output . Do not provoke the conflict, and he was not there!


Vladimir Mao
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

People and dogs - how to get along in the same city?

Television and the press are full of scenes as if from different poles: the cruelty and indifference of people to our younger brothers - and the "evil creatures" that have flooded the city and citizens how to do nothing. How can they survive in the same city? How to behave owners and breeders, to protect themselves and others? How to behave in the usual passers-by to protect their lives and health of stray (and much more - the master's) dogs?

Just make a reservation: I love dogs. Since childhood. Labrador - this is my pipe dream! But I do not know how to properly educate (tested), so looking for some cats, and everyone is happy. Especially cats. However, other people's dogs, I am indifferent, and they meet me in return.

In life, no dog will not bite me, and no hostile intentions do not exist, and moreover, the neighbor's dog (taller than my child) and labrador, seeing me, bursting skipping hello, horror of all its neighbors (their owners have become accustomed). So what animals really feel benevolent spirit. But her husband's bite even collie, even those on which the owners say "akin to a dog did not touch anybody." No. He is a good man. He just panicked them.

Hence the conclusion: the dog feels the fear and negative, the response of the dog is just fear and misbehavior. Frightened, the man identifies so-called "hormones of fear, the smell of which we do not feel, but feel good dog. And, because the dog is akin to the wolf, for her, as for these animals, it is important to the concept of "strong-weak". If a person is "weak", it means that the dog believes that the full right to exercise a dominant animal and to treat the weak, as it pleases.

Therefore Board № 1 : even if you are afraid, go quietly by and not to bother, do not cry, not threatened - and everything will be fine.

Tip number 2 : requires that children need to explain that the dog - an animal character, to hug and be too familiar with the unfamiliar dog is not worth it, because she may not like it. And because the dog can not talk, then the only way to convey to us their displeasure for her - it begin to growl and bite. The familiar - another matter, but first I want to make friends with the owner - say hello (better off without gestures) and wait until he tells the dog "all right".

Even in relation to own a dog the child should be remembered that its patience comes to an end much faster than the parent, and then in turn can go to the teeth. Even the most gentle dog can "communicate", and even more so - unbalanced.

Well, of course, if we do not want to have our child's injury remained for life, do not yell at a bad voice as a dog: "Get away from her now, she'll now hand / leg / head bite!" Most is such a reaction from children and adults become afraid of dogs. This is verified by much experience in psychiatry: Even the eight-nine months a child can cause a persistent negative response of a living creature, even the most innocuous (eg, rabbits), if it regularly intimidate and okrikivat the appearance of this most rabbit. Moreover, such children are afraid to do all white and fluffy, even similar toys ...

Tip number 3 - for those who are faced with the dogs "fighting" breeds. These dogs have a specific purpose - "to break" the enemy. Dogs are designed for fighting, for fighting, they are selected, selecting the most aggressive, vicious animals. Then the owners are surprised a tragic "accident", and yet all the guilt of these animals in that they are not grown in the nursery with a purpose, and in apartments and private homes, in the family for which they are categorically not intended. I sincerely do not understand people that their plant is not for fighting.

But even more I do not understand those who acquire and keep them "for its intended purpose, that is just for carnage. Because it is the same kind of perverted nature should be - to earn money for pain and blood (and sometimes death), animals that were it not for the fact of the human will, would never have grappled not even met. And even these rocks would not be ... Therefore, if you brought Boitsova dog breed - be doubly careful around let them blame only on themselves.

Actually, at first glance, it is surprising how things have changed fashion for dog breeds: after the "fighting" dogs are some 10-15 years ago and not heard. But, first, in the days of our childhood did not have such crazy prices for dogs. Now, when bred puppy is worth a thousand or two dead raccoons, attention - the question: who can afford to pay this amount for the dog? Correct - businessmen, more or less high income. And since we are not Europe, where wealthy families comprise several generations, and Mother Russia, where every little bit noticeable kapitalets gamy, it becomes clear what the mentality of people buy these dogs, and why it is so popular fighting breed.

And those who just loves dogs, choose a friend not on a "steep" and fashion on the breed, but "for love". But such people will always contain the dog in mind, and the neighbors to his claims did not happen, because they somehow less notice - catches the eye especially negative, so a human being is.

Tip number 4 - contact with stray animals should be conducted carefully: how without gratuitous cruelty, and no familiarity. Why focus on violence - yes, because animals often behave in a much more humane people, alas ... And those animals which are aggressive and do not fit into our urban life - this is food mistakes is people, not nature. Nature is not the dogs are selected on the basis of malice, not nature has created a city where all of each other sitting on the head and because mad themselves.

Tip number 5 - our legislators: I think that we should legalize the medical examination of all who want to find yourself a pet, should be required to be screened in the mental hospital, consult a psychologist and take courses in education and training. There will be fewer and ownerless dogs, and "stupid" dogs with their owners. And everyone will be happy. Clearly, for a lap dog institution will suffice, and courses to educate a dog, but in case of purchase of service dogs, and just big rocks - mandatory. Here, just as seriously as a weapon.

Council last: not bark to a dog, is appealing to its owner. Remember: no bad ill-bred dogs - there are bad rude hosts. Man, setting the stage for a certain breed of dog should, above all, to inquire about the nature of the breed and its characteristics. There is a "handsome men" who take the attack dogs - this is kind of cool "- and then wonder: why the dog bit her child? There are lazy owners who are too lazy to walk to the park or shrubs that bobik not gadil children in a sandbox - and then wonder: why the neighbors are psychos? There are pensioners, who are pampered to the perversion of their Bobik, not knowing basic dog taming, for them to speak dog "Whew!" - Top of sadism. A dog is not her fault that she got this here mountain-host or she was not at all. About this I want to say: "The more I see of people, the more I love animals."

Somehow we think that the man - the crown and the king of nature. But people - just one of the creatures on the planet, being, which divides the space habitat with other organisms inhabiting the Earth. And once divided, must be able to coexist. Not crushing each other, and protecting them.

Natalia Protsenko
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

Is it easy to fly with the dog to Odessa and back?

Premonition angry responses lovers travel back and forth that makes no sense to describe, once talk, all the same! Oh, no! I want you to tell the story about our trip for one week vacation to your favorite Odessa.

Preparing to fly started a month before the intended departure. We visited a veterinary clinic, where he learned that a vaccination against rabies should be made only in the public vet building, and since the age of three, it must be done annually. Successfully fully immunized, we began to pack suitcases ...

Not more than 3 days before departure must be in the same clinic obtain a certificate that the animal is completely cool. Since these problems have arisen.

When buying a ticket, we notified the airline that bring a dog. Some companies allow the passage of small dogs in the cabin, provided that the weight of the animal is not more than four kilograms, along with a cage. For transportation requires special carrying (sold in pet stores, check with the seller, as not all containers are suitable).

At the airport you arrive at least half or two hours, as this certificate must be exchanged for an international certificate, which entitles you to export your pet abroad. In Moscow, everything is done quickly and simply, without problems. Arriving in Odessa, I was sure that everything is done similarly. How deeply I was wrong ...

What kind of happiness that we love all the calculate in advance and design took up to 3 days. Only through this we have time. So, if you're going on vacation for a few days, better leave your pet at home, and then torment process documents.

Clinic is 3 minutes from our location in Odessa. But, alas! Achieve some kind of credible answer, we did not. We just sent ... and, without saying a word address, in another clinic. Look, dear, look! It turned out that the authorization to issue such certificates they have not, and who have, they do not know.

And so began our walking ... Traveled and call all the next establishment, we have not found an answer. As the village came, the feeling that no animals are not chauffeurs. Most desperation, we went to the pet store, and - lo and behold, they tell us where to go. Address, this time, was correct. However, it was too early to rejoice!

Arriving there, get the right help, we learned that we must go to the other end of town to approve this certificate to the regional vet clinic. Such a feeling that the crocodile was exported, with no shield ... It is good that we drove the locals, otherwise we would hardly have all been found.

Do you think this concludes our adventures ended? No such luck. We will send again ... In the center of the city, the city administration. Some civil servant must give us permission to take away OUR dog home! What side official refers to the removal of pets, with their own, brought a week ago from another country and dreamed to finally go home, we did not understand! An even greater shock awaited us when the clerk said that would take us until tomorrow, after the flight of the aircraft ... This is to put a signature. Really do not know what he told my husband, but the signature he still got it! All for the people, but ...

The question arises, what would we do, coming to an animal for a day or two, say? With horror, waiting for the next holiday, as you may have to repeat the whole procedure again! However, now easier, because we are already prepared for this. And while on vacation in your favorite city, spent the whole family, not be compared with anything! He did not darken any complexity.

If you have not ceased to exist a desire to visit with his favorite city of Odessa, a nice holiday!

Nina Grinchenko
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

Can fight animals? Elephants.

In the melee - and before the invention of firearms all the war was precisely because of them - is crucial brawn fighter. Therefore, the giant elephant that can easily be enormous gravity, and in a rage - to destroy homes and trees - could not avoid the attention of the military, and was doomed to serve in the ancient armies.

The first "called" elephants under its banners Indians, it happened in the early first millennium BC. Looking ahead, I note that the service is delayed and to this day. However, the combat capabilities of the elephants no one is interested in, but still great demand for live trucks and cranes.

Indian Maharaja chose to fight mobile units, the infantry they were not honored. Most mobile combat unit, of course, at that time was an armed horseman. That's against them, the elephants were extremely effective. Horses and elephants were afraid of panic at the meeting, completely forgetting his "military duty", turned to flight.

The elephant, called for military service was the basis of a small unit of three or four, and in some armies, and up to six people. In the minimal version of the staffing of the unit consisted of sarissofora defending the elephant from the attack of infantry, archer's arrow, and "driver". The latter was sitting on the neck and the other crew members in a lightweight shelter on the back. Alternatively, adding heavy weaponry - darter, or enhances protection - were added to the four infantry unit designed to protect the animal's legs in battle.

Frankly, the effectiveness of shooting from a moving elephant is not very high. To verify this, just ride on elephant back, when he moves unhurried pace. If an elephant is running, then hold "in the saddle" can only an experienced rider, but about the shooting can all forget.

But the main merit of the elephant was not in the armed crew, and in himself, his strength, weight and menacing form. Significantly increased the combat capacity of the animal steel lugs on the tusks and protective armor. A huge curved sword in the trunk further reinforces the impression, and brow-beat, without causing, however, virtually no harm to the enemy.

Indian tactic of elephants eventually copied the tank crews of the Second World War. Elephants were collected in a single fist and placed in the center of troops to break through the defense and break the enemy's system. Success developed infantry and cavalry, coming over the huge animals.

Enemy infantry, the first time, faced with attack by the elephants, initially fled in terror. But the method of combating giants found quite quickly. "Intrigue" was the psychological aspects of giants. They are fairly easy to scare, after which the animal becomes unmanageable, tends to escape and destroy their forces as effectively as the enemy.

Thus, in the Battle of Magnesia Romans used against elephants ... pigs. Plastered them with resin, burned and released on the battlefield. Mad squealing pigs caused panic among the elephants, after which the Roman infantry dobila remnants of enemy troops.

To combat such surprises in Carthage drovers began to equip the hammer and chisel or a long nail. In the event of panic, people had to kill an elephant, slid the chisel in the skull of the animal.

In addition to such "self-killer" and tactical measures taken, the elephants stopped at the center of the constructions, leaving their flanks and behind them, removing all its troops. And gradually, the beginning of a new era, the elephants have almost disappeared from the armies of most countries.

However, in India, they effectively used until the arrival of artillery, and then gradually elephants, men have become a convenient vehicle. In per se as the elephants are in the Indian Army to this day. Their service is regulated, every "war" animal has a passport, and on reaching the age of 65 is sent to "retire" to the conservation and maintenance ration.

As we see in our time, not only for horses, but for elephants military service continues ...

Alex Norkin
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

How to contain the hamster?

Many a child knows this furry animal. Hamsters - this amusement animals, bringing joy to children and adults. But what they eat and how to properly care for them? It turns out that it is not easy.

Must acquire young hamsters, but able to feed themselves. They are easier to tolerate climate change and faster tamed. It is important that the animal was healthy. Such a fast reaction of the animal, the wool is smooth, his eyes shining, living, breathing without wheezing.

Change of housing can be very intimidating animal, therefore, bringing the hamster home, give him a rest does not care.

These animals for food are unpretentious. All that you eat with joy and they will eat. Their favorite food - cereals (buckwheat, oats, pearl barley, wheat, rice, barley, etc.). Hamsters eat pastry, bread, vegetables, fruits and berries,seeds, nuts, crackers.

Besides hamsters happy to eat pasta and potatoes (boiled), the protein of cooked eggs, cottage cheese, cheese (low fat varieties), bread, soaked in milk.

But there are a number of products that give hamsters not desirable. This is all that is forbidden for people who are on a diet: fatty, salty, spicy, fried, smoked. Sweets also contraindicated. Harmful to them citrus and cabbage.

Drink water too, they should not. Moisture necessary for the body, they get from food. To the hamster did not suffer from thirst, let him beets, radishes, pumpkin, watermelon rinds, fresh leaves of plantain, dandelion, sedges, etc.

Hamster rodent, and its teeth must be in the form. To the front teeth did not grow long, to give an animal bite pieces of solid wood, treat them carrots and untreated peanuts.

A sharp change in the form of food can lead to digestive disturbances. During indigestion hamster can be given oatmeal or rice-water, as well as a weak solution of potassium permanganate (one crystal for half a liter of water) as long as he does not recover.

Hamsters are cleanly animals. Several times a day they are busy cleaning their fur. Not always manage to cope on their own. You can help them, combing brush gently on the hair (head not scratched).

Keeping hamsters suited to the special multi-level cages equipped with a wheel. Here he can run across from level to level, to spin the wheel, grind their teeth on the twigs. Cage is well ventilated, it is easy to clean - just nominate a pallet from the bottom.

A very important issue - litter. It can be made from sawdust, paper or hay. Sawdust well absorb odors, so the cage with them can be cleaned less frequently than when using paper-based litter.

Paper is good because it gives hamster exercise. He tore it to shreds and is building a nest, which will feel much more comfortable. It is important that the paper was soft - napkins or toilet paper.

But the most high-grade material for nest building - hay. First, the hamster can diversify their own diet, and secondly - to build this mansion with storages, transitions, word, because, as they do in the wild.

Hamster wheel just necessary in order to compensate the inactive life in a cage. After all, he was at liberty to find food in the average runs per night for up to 12 kilometers! And if not in the running wheel - fat, and he has trouble with his heart.

Hamsters like to sleep, but when awake they are very mobile. When animals frolic, would not think that they are great sleepers.

Monitoring them great pleasure, especially to children. People often can not afford to keep animals in the house. But this little creature, without taking up much space and does not require much care, the family brings a quiet joy.

http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

How to act when meeting an unfamiliar dog?

Observing the behavior of the approaching dog, attentive, always able to discern whether he is afraid of the dog is obedience, or demonstrates aggressive intentions. The fact is that as a result of centuries of domestication and selection, the dog began to perceive the man as a let and a very exotic species, but the tribesmen. Therefore, not only shows him all the dog coenobite rituals, but the human reaction and response interprets and perceives mostly from this, purely canine point of view.

Here are the most important "messages":

Submission:
dog certainly recognizes the man a higher hierarchical rank, never come to an unknown man in front, but always on the side. The tail is horizontal or down at half-mast. The muzzle is lowered below the shoulder blades and pulled ahead. Ears lowered and slightly pressed. Lips are stretched and their corners clearly lowered down. Some dogs can sided grin, this kind of smirk. Sight is directed toward the dog. The front legs are like in a half, and back straightened and brought closer to the hock. Most dogs often wag their tail in friendly greeting, but the tail at half-mast, and moves only its distal portion.

Aggression:
The dog approaches as if on tiptoe, his hind legs wide apart and slightly sideways. Tail Zadran and hard immobile or slowly, as if to commit extreme positions, rocking from side to side. The head is pulled forward at the shoulder blades, or slightly raised. Glance is aimed directly at the man in the eye or, for a few moments before the attack, in place of the alleged bite. Ears raised, deployed on a person or a highly pressed. His forehead wrinkled. Lips or compressed, or semicircular bared grin with strongly elevated and wrinkled nose. Dog produces a low threatening growl quietly passing, sometimes in breast gurgle.

what is correct

When meeting with an unfamiliar dog and, especially, with a flock, you must:
Move carefully and, if possible, smoothly. Sharp movement could cause the dog will perceive it as a threat or a signal to attack.
Example:
Hand, sharply raised in greeting, can be interpreted as the beginning of the attacker's movement.
Do not stare, as they say, eye to eye.
Direct view, the "language" carnivorous predators, which include a dog, means being willing, at least for the immediate attack.
And if you "staring" at the alpha male, or simply the highest ranking dog, it will mean that you object to any leadership in the pack, or question the rank of the individual dog.
What is behind this may be followed, to explain, I think is not necessary, since these notes are not written for the fans to "seek adventure in the ..." Hm ... well, let's say, on his head ...
Do not scream and do not try to talk to the dog so-called "command" voice, if you are not significantly determined that before you low rank dog prone to subjugate anyone. Otherwise, if in front of you was the highest ranking person, leader of the pack or just a dog, specially trained not to execute the commands of a stranger, and the result, as they say, it may be, at best, in your pants ... Or, and this also happens in pants ...
Do not run away.
Since the dog's natural instinct is to prosecute, the fleeing man is a goal that you want to catch up and immediately attack.
Standing in a natural position.
Dogs know that people are facing significant rise above them, having, with a dog's point of view, more impressive dimensions and, as a consequence, potentially higher rank. Fallen same person, this rank in the eyes of the dog that loses immediately becomes a convenient target for attack. This applies particularly to surround you with a pack: Here comes into play the so-called instinct finishing stands with its back extraction.

If you are on the way met a single dog is clearly not going to yield you the way, you always have a choice, or "measure up" to her degrees, or, holding between her and a some object, slightly hunched, ie Having known low rank posture, avoid a dog in an arc, trying not to overstep the critical 1,5m distance.

If you must cross the territory of which a flock of urban dogs is committed, or that it (the area adjacent to the markets, metro stations, concentrations of food stalls, especially in night-night time) thought it necessary to protect, this should be done by known djudo principle: " To succumb to defeat ":

Do not hesitate to wait for passengers: mending pants or visit, God forbid, emergency station, it will take you much longer.
Firmly in mind "The great principle Barmaleev" from "Aybolita 66": "Normal heroes - always go to bypass.

But if you're still unable to avoid the "Rendezvous", then:
Try to identify the leader in the pack-leader and determine his intentions
making no sudden movements, stops and turns, change your path so that would circumvent a flock of large smooth arc, not approaching, but not away from it until you'll be on the old "path"
If the pack blocked the way for you - turn half-turned to her (and in any case not back!) - Slowly return to the "original position"
If a flock began to surround you, blocking and cutting way back, gently move the right or left side to the nearest vertical surface (wall, tree, car). Repeat as necessary side-step ladders, remember the "Argentine Tango", the older ones - and the waltz, "Boston" ... And the only shielding his back, you can proceed to active defensive operations. For a start, as soon as loudly and shrilly to appeal for help. Call the police: PPS or PPG (in Moscow) drive up, in such cases, literally within 2-4 minutes.
Do not try unless you're sure that you can use it properly, to bend and lift from the ground, for the defense, some sort of object. Such movement can trigger an immediate pre-emptive attack.
To struggle, if the attack did not succeed to avoid the need to subject, which proved to be in your hands - a lady's handbag / bag / wallet, plastic bags, briefcase ... It is necessary to make a circular loop-shaped or 8 motion, trying not to get so much (and may catch / snatch gripping teeth), how to create a veil of potential impacts, threats.
If the pack has to surround you, then Freeze, portraying himself from "a pillar of salt", or try gently moving to the left side, if you are right handed, out of the ring. The fact that the victim's role in a pen of dogs is as follows:
driven and meet the potential victim dominant and subdominant individuals capable of independent decision-making about the attack, and on the sides -low rank individuals who attack - just not allowed.
If the attack yet begun, in any case does not cease to move sideways and to the side, while making a bag / package circular loop-shaped or 8 scaring movement, creating around himself a kind of veil. And start to scream, than piercing - the better!

Alex Semenov
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

What dog is useful and interesting to children?

Dogs, like us, need exercise. Often the owners only have time for long jump with a dog for a walk. The village is a dog rarely descends from the chain. But even long walks are not always enough to load a dog, especially big.

I remember 40 years ago chasing his Alsatian Line from the hills on the bank of the river Kazanka, throwing down a tennis ball. Height was about fifty meters, and the length of the slope - about three hundred meters. The load was good, running, just balls, used, lost. And Lyne guiltily returned.

But not always in the playground there are differences in elevation. As a member of the club service dog breeding DOSAAF, I have always taught their dogs pulling a skier. There was this kind of training. He is now. But to train a dog that can and independently. Exercise it will be ensured. And in a shorter time than normal walking. Summer for this case can accommodate a small cart, as shown in the photographs in this article.

Especially we are actively engaged in this in the 90's. My sons and German Shepherd chip were about the same age. And they were great friends. And all three of them needed exercise.

What you need to tow? Only just a special harness, which is sold in pet stores. Better with two rings to attach the tug on the sides than the one above. So the dog can manage not only voice but also the reins. Reins is also possible to pick up, or buy a sturdy leash length of 4-5 meters, and the other end, too, to sew on the carbine. Variants with one or two reins are shown in the photographs.


How to train a dog? Also simple. First taught to harness, putting it on for some time. Then, hooking up the reins and gently pulling them to file, click "Next". To teach the load gradually. If the dog is not trained teams can first someone to lead her by the leash or go ahead. The dog is usually quickly realizes that it is required. Many people simply like to pull, when no collar compresses the throat and chest harness handy. Then you need to train rotations. Words, but rather with twitching the reins in the right direction. And finally, the train stop. The word "stand". If the dog is bad to be heard - to scream "lie" or "me."


Skis and sleds must also be stopped, so as not to collide with a dog, and it will be then be afraid of this. To make better use of carts in the summer of shafts, for example of the ski poles.

For little dogs, too, can come up with an imitation towing, pulling up to a leash, coming from the harness. Or teach haul truck with a doll. The children have come up with.

That's all. The dog will receive the necessary physical activity, and children - the sea of pleasure.

Valeriy Yakovlev
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

How to help pupils prepare a home for the winter?

On the eve of winter animal organism is reconstructed: adjusting to lower temperatures and reduced daylight. Immunity pets decreases, they become drowsy, their body needs more vitamins.

In this period should be especially attentive to the behavior of their pet and be able to predict what kind of help he needs. After the beast say it will not ...

Dog depression
Sometimes the fall affects dogs as well as people: they, too, begins depression! Pay more attention to pet, caress, play a little longer than usual, often take to the streets. Daily physical exercise and physical activity will improve the mood and the dog, and you. In November of daylight shortens, the temperature drops and the dogs begin active molt. It is particularly reinforced by the inclusion of radiator. Let's pet dog multivitamins containing vitamin A, biotin, and unsaturated fatty acids, and then the new coat is thick and silky. Autumn dog organism particularly susceptible to infections: do not forget to make vaccines against infectious diseases.

Cats sleep
Cats in anticipation of winter are more calm, long sleep and a warm embrace to the batteries. Like dogs, before cold weather they are actively shed. To fur grew thick and beautiful, supplement the diet with multivitamins cats taurine and biotin. The cat, which goes into the street, with the onset of winter lie in wait for such perils as salt reagent and various chemicals that are sprinkled on the track during slippery road conditions. Getting on a soft pad feet, reagent causes burns and leads to the formation of painful ulcers. Therefore, after your furry beauty returned from a walk, wash her feet with clean water.

hamster - in heat
If your hamster hides food in secret places - expect a quick cold snap! More often to check bins and do not let spoiled food, or pet might be poisoned. As the daylight decreases, pets are becoming restless. Chinchillas, guinea pigs insulated nests of any available material - thread, pieces of litter and wool, which animals plucked from each other! Then buried in insulation and for a long time there does not emerge. Vitamin deficiency and reduced immunity compensate, adding to the usual food germinated grains, herbs and vitamins.

Fish need light
Autumn - the best time to do the improvement of the aquarium. Audited underwater garden: remove damaged plants. If a lot of algae, they were trimmed, leaving the strongest. Check all equipment, clean the filters and valves of compressors. Lack of lighting has a bad effect on the feelings of fish, so with a lyuksometra measure if there is enough light in the aquarium. Take care of properly heating the aquarium: keep the temperature about 20 C. Inspect its inhabitants. Pay attention to color and condition of the fins of goldfish and the state of the eyes and scales - in cichlids. Weak and sick fish to remove. Small fishes transfer to another aquarium. Serious preparation for winter fish require high bandwidth, living in an aquarium: minnows, ruffs, perches. In the autumn they need a gradual decrease in water temperature. In winter it should not exceed 7 C.

Long Day's Birds
All the birds feel the approach of winter and prepare for it. In the autumn they begin abundant molt. If they are fed only grain, new feathers to grow long and will look dull and uneven. Bird takes seriously this time: sitting on a perch refuses to eat. During this period, it needs an additional source of amino acids and minerals. Add to food or water, multivitamins containing these substances. Birds, like other animals, suffer from lack of light in winter. Dark evenings include a table lamp in daylight. This will cause a bird feels like daylight lasted.

Cheerful reptiles
For the cold-blooded approach of winter due to the thorough reorganization of the organism. Almost all species of turtles, frogs, lizards and snakes fall into a long hibernation: the metabolism slows down, the animals stop eating, become lethargic. They fall into a state of suspended animation. To prepare for reptiles gentle wintering smoothly and evenly reduces the temperature of heating in the terrarium and contract in its coverage of up to 4 hours, but not stop completely. Turtles fed no more than once in 4-5 days, and snakes and do once a month.

If you follow all these tips, all your favorites will be better able to move the winter.

Maria Magomayev
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/

Dogfights. What is stronger: greed or a feeling of pity?

Dogfights - common type of "sport". For him, specially cultivated a special breed of dogs, so-called "of fighting": bull terrier, Staffordshire terrier, pit bull terriers. In Russia, dog fights are becoming increasingly popular, but held illegally. Exceptions are the cities of Kolomna, where fights are held every first Saturday in October, and Smolensk.

It all began in ancient times. This is evidenced by cave paintings in the form of two fighting dogs.

Fight dogs are kept in a black body and make the clock run down the sheet simulator, sometimes for a live cat, which in the end of the lesson give them to the wolves. Tailed gladiators sometimes sharpens the teeth to give them the forest of the severity or cut off ears, such that they could bite rival.

Before the fight the dog bathed first in milk, just in case, if the animal hair casting up poison or broken glass, and then in water. It hosts exchanged dogs during bathing, and if the dog growled at the stranger, or a judge - she is disqualified.

Before the bout shall be tested for the ability to fight. Members battle bred in different corners of the ring. The dog must run across the ring and attack the opponent. The one that refused to do so is considered a loser. In the case of the angles did not leave the two dogs, is declared a draw.

Fight ends with death or losing a dog, or its shameful capitulation. In the second case, it is unpromising and is normally discarded.

In the U.S. almost always banned dog fighting for several decades, but according to official data on them come to see about 40 thousand people. Revenue from these battles is almost half a billion dollars.

With such strict rules people completely forget about the human side of compassion. Do not think and those who lead their dogs for such activities, and those who come just to look at this bloody spectacle.

The life of such animals raised for fighting, is in constant pain and aggression. From its very birth of a play off against him, or him. And how many animals die for the sake of Fight dog grew worthy murderer? Are torn to pieces and cats, and dogs, and raccoons. All people know about it, but remain as indifferent as in the form of taunting over kitten boys.

I'll tell you the case of life.

This happened when I was still at school, in class 7-8. Week, we went with a friend on the train for basketball. After the next class with a friend, we went home together, and, as almost all the way, we went with our coach. In the middle of a lively conversation, we suddenly heard a plaintive squeak of a dog, coming from the ruined summer theater. We are alert, but not stopped because they thought, perhaps it is someone's dog or maybe someone kicked, but the cry has continued with even greater force.

Beside himself with rage, I pulled in the same theater with the intent to save the unfortunate animal. But I could not imagine I would see this. Was tied to a pole mongrel, and mothers Pit Bull tore it apart. This dog's owner and three of his friends eagerly and enthusiastically shouted: "Dobey it! Dobey! ". These flayer I learned of his neighbor. The owner of the dogs was a local "качок", famed for repeated rape of young girls.

But I have seen has an effect. I started to scream, to throw a dog that I'm going to complain to the police, if not released, and so on. Atmosphere grew tense. "Качок" all nearer to me with the words: "Yes you Th! Naff off ". A neighbor tried to persuade me to leave, lest anything. My friend pulled me by the hand. I still could not find the right words to make him let go of the dog. Fear mixed with husky aching pain in my heart for dying before my eyes the dog.

In the end, I did not manage to do something, ran out. At home I had a tantrum, then depression. Lay for several days with the temperature. A few days later learned that a dead mongrel tied by the feet to the pipe in the same theater.

By the way, at this moment the same "качок is a mentor Jehovah's Witnesses sect. Educate people. And believe. Forget about his own sins.

I was struck by the fact that the coach, knowing where we went, suspecting that we might have something happen, calmly walked by and left us alone. And then did not even ask about what happened there. That is it - the human indifference ...

Natalia Vasserman
http://animaldin.blogspot.com/